Musculoskeletal Anatomy

Musculoskeletal Anatomy

Anatomy of the musculoskeletal system 

BONES (Osseous) 

Bone made up of cells, fibers and matrix 

Types of bone cells 

• Osteoblast: forming new cells
• Osteocytes: mature cells
• Osteoclasts: destroy bone

Type of bone tissue 

• Compact bone: solid
• Bone cancellus: berspon / trabecular
• The structure consists of compact bone haverst system comprising:
• Channel haverst: contains blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics
• Lamella: bony plates (circular) that surround the canal haverst
• Lacuna: the space between the lamella containing osteocytes and lymphatics
• Canaliculi: small channel connecting lacunae and the central canal

Osteology 

• The study of the bones (osteum)
• cancellous bone
• compact bone
• periosteum
• diaphysis
• epiphyseal

Os cranium 

• os frontal
• os nasalis
• os zigomaticum
• os maksilaris
• os mandibular
• sutures

• os frontal
• os parietal
• os occipital
• os temporalis
• os Zigomatikum
• os maxillary
• os mandibular

Columna vertebral 

Cervical vertebrae: 7

Thoracic vertebrae: 12

The lumbar spine: 5

Vertebrae Sacralis: 5

Vertebrae Cocygis: 4

Apertura Thoraxis 

• os sternum
• manubrium sterni
• Corpus sterni
• Procesus xiphoideus

os costae 

• Costae verae: Ask
• Costae spurae: fake
• Costae fluitantes: float

Ossa Membri Superior 

• os Scapula
• os clavicula
• os humerus
• os Radius
• os ulna
• Ossa Carpalia
• Ossa Metacarpalia
• Ossa digitorum (phālanges)

Ossa Membri Inferior 

• os Coxae
• os ilium
• os Ischium
• os Pubis
• os Femur
• os Tibia
• os fibula
• os patella
• Ossa Tarsus
• Ossa Metatarsus
• Ossa digitorum (phālanges)

Regio capitis 

• Regio frontal
• Regio parietal
• Regio Ocipitalis
• Regio facial
• Regio orbitalis
• Regio Nasalis
• Regio Oralis
• Regio Bucalis
• Regio mentalist

Regio Thorax 

• Regio cervical
• Regio Pectoralis
• Regio Mammary
• Regio axillary

Abdominal Regio 

• Regio hypochondrium
• Regio epigastric
• The lumbar Regio
• umbilical Regio
• Inguinal Regio
• Regio Hypogastrium

Regio dorsalis 

• Regio dorsalis
• Regio Sacralis
• Regio Vertebralis
• Regio perineal
• Regio Analyst
• Regio Urogenetalis

Regiones membri Superior 

• Regio Deltoid
• Regio brachial
• Fossa Cubitalis
• Regio Antebracialis
• Regio Carpalis
• Regio Manus

Regio DIGITUS Manus 

• Digitus Primus / Pollex
• Digitus Skundus / Index
• Digitus Tertius / medius
• digitus Quartus
• Quintus digitus

Regiones Membri Inferior 

• Regio Glutalis
• Regio Coxalis
• Regio Femuralis
• Regio Genus
• Popliteal Fossa
• Regio Cruralis
• Regio Tarsus
• Regio Pes

Regio digitus pedis 

• Digitus Primus / Hallux
• digitus Skundus
• Digitus Tertius / medius
• digitus Quartus
• Quintus digitus

ARTIKULATIO 

• Artikulatio fibrous
• Artikulatio cartilaginous
• Artikulatio synovial

Wide joints 

Field joints: the joint surface is flat or nearly flat → artikulatio akromioklavikular

Hinge joints: joints that produces flexion and extension → artikulatio cubiti

Plana joints: the joint surface shape plana → artikulatio karpometakarpalis

The ball and socket joint: bone kapaut one into the other bone bowl → artikulatio coxae

Kondiloid joints: joints that allow lateral movement → artikulatio temporomandibulare

Pivot joints: joints that allow the rotational movement → artikulatio radius ulnar